Jane: This is But Why: A Podcast for Curious Kids from Vermont
Public. I'm Jane Lindholm. On this show, we take questions
from curious kids just like you, and we find answers. Sometimes
you send us questions about things that are happening out in
the world right now. We call those current events, and even
if you aren't watching or listening to the news every day
on your own, or reading all the newspapers and online news
sites, you're probably getting information about current events
from school friends, adults talking around you when they
think you're not listening, or maybe because you do pay
attention to the news. So one thing that may have trickled
down to you lately is a word that doesn't really come up in
normal conversation, but is everywhere lately: tariffs.
Tariffs are in the news a lot right now. There's been talk
about the US government imposing new tariffs on two of our
neighboring countries, Canada and Mexico, and other places
like countries in Europe. And there are already new tariffs on
another country that America gets a lot of stuff from: China.
But what is a tariff? We're going to find out today, and
we're going to explore the idea of taxes, which are connected to
tariffs and the economy more broadly. And then, maybe, when
you read or see or hear news stories about economic issues in
the future, you'll be armed with a little more knowledge about
what's being discussed. Here to help us navigate these choppy
economic waters is my friend Stacey Vanek Smith. She's a
business reporter, so she writes and thinks about these topics
all the time.
Stacey Vanek Smith: I look at all the things that we deal with
about money and the economy and things that we buy and the
prices that we pay. And I ask questions about those. I try to
understand them myself and then explain them.
James: My name is James. I live in Wilmington, North Carolina. I
am 7 years old. My question is, what is economics?
Jane: Before we get into tariffs, we need to understand
economics. Economics is the study of the economy.
So...what's the economy?
Stacey Vanek Smith: The economy is basically like this little
ecosystem that we all live in of things that are bought and sold
around us. So almost everything we do is somehow part of the
economy. Like, if you eat eggs for breakfast, that's a big part
of the economy. Everybody's talking about the price of eggs
right now. Or if your parents drink coffee in the morning,
coffee prices are getting really expensive; that's part of the
economy. Or if you go to the store, or even if you go to
school, if you have a music program you love, that music
program is part of the economy. It costs money. If you play an
instrument, if you take karate classes, if you take ballet
classes, whatever you take, that is part of the economy, because
it costs money. And so in a way, it's like the economy is how we
do the things we want. It's how we pay for the places we want to
go and the things we want to do. It's all part of the economy.
Jane: An economy is a system for figuring out how resources are
used to make goods and services, and all the ways those goods and
services are bought and sold and used. So how much houses cost to
build or buy, that's part of the economy. The jobs people have
are part of the economy. The way we pay for things like roads and
bridges, that's part of our economic system. And there are
lots of ways to think about the economy. Sometimes you might
hear people talk about the global economy. That's thinking
about prices and jobs and countries trading with one
another all over the world. Or you could think about your
country's economy. And sometimes people even talk about the local
economy. That's more like what's happening with your state or
your region. You can even shrink it down just to think about
what's happening monetarily in your own county or town. And you
are part of the economy too. A big part of how we feel or
understand the economy is by looking at how much things cost,
and you've sent us a few questions about what you've
observed about the cost of things.
Alex: My name is Alex. I'm from Denver, Colorado. I'm nine years
old. Why do prices of items go up over the years?
Miriam: My name is Miriam. I'm nine years old. I live in
Durham, North Carolina. Why have things gotten more expensive as
time passed?
Cole: I'm Cole. I'm eight and I live in Pennsylvania. Why do
prices keep getting higher?
Jane: Prices tend to rise over time in most economies.
Stacey Vanek Smith: Yes, this is something that's called
inflation, and you've probably heard this word a lot. Inflation
is just a fancy way of saying prices going up.
Jane: It's complicated, but let's simplify things, just so
we can give you a sense of what we're talking about. So let's
take the average money people got for their jobs and the
average price to buy a candy bar a hundred years ago, and
compare. According to the IRS, which is a government agency
that keeps track of earnings and taxes in the US, in 1925 the
average American income was about five and a half thousand
dollars a year. Today, the median wage is about $48,000.
Median means half the people earn less than that and half the
people earn more than that. So it's sort of right in the
middle. So from five and a half thousand 100 years ago to
$48,000 now. A Hershey's candy bar cost five cents in 1925.
Amazingly, it actually stayed the same price for many decades,
before the cost increased in the late 1960s. Then the company
doubled the price, but also doubled the size of the bar at
the same time. Today, a Hershey bar costs $1.39. So prices go
up, but typically, so do wages, the money you earn for a job.
The problem is when the prices of things rise higher and faster
than the amount of money people are making in their jobs to be
able to pay for those things. Like, if we look at the price to
buy a home today versus a hundred years ago, the amount of
money most people earn has not kept pace at the same rate as
the amount of money it takes to be able to buy a house.
Brooke: My name is Thomas. I live in Melbourne, New Jersey,
and I'm nine years old. What is inflation and like, how does it happen?
Stacey Vanek Smith: We don't totally know. So why this
happens is actually such a great question, and people are always
arguing over this. Sometimes inflation can be good. It's a
sign that the economy is growing. And the way that works
is, if an economy is growing, it's worth more money every
year. More money, more money, more money. That means that the
people in the economy, they're getting more money too. The
companies in that country are getting more money. The people
are getting more money. Everybody's got more money, and
that pushes prices up. And it's one of the most basic things in
our economy, in economics, and it's called the law of supply
and demand, and here's how it works. So, Jane, let's say you
and I are going to the store, and let's say we both have $1
and we want to buy Reese's Peanut Butter Cups, but the
Reese's Peanut Butter Cups are $1.50. Well, we can't get the
peanut butter cups. It's too bad. But let's say we go to the
store and we have $5 and the Reese's Peanut Butter Cup is
$1.50, we're probably both gonna get that. We really want the
peanut butter cup. But let's say then it's $2 and let's say you
maybe like Reese's Peanut Butter Cups a little less than me, and
you're like, "You know what? This is getting a little
expensive." I would definitely still buy it because I really
want it. And I have $5 so I have enough money to pay for it. But
then let's say it goes up to $4. You are definitely not buying
it, but I will probably still buy it because I really want it.
So when people have more money, then they are generally going to
end up paying more money because you just have more money to
spend. So then prices will go up because companies know that they
can probably get people to pay a little more. So that is why
prices will go up.
Xavier: Hello, my name is Theo, and I'm nine years old, and I
live in the DC area in the United States of America. Is
inflation a good thing or a bad thing?
Stacey Vanek Smith: This is also such a good question! People
disagree on this a lot. What people generally think is that a
little bit of inflation is a good thing. Because even though
I would be very excited if my Reese's Peanut Butter Cups went
down to 50 cents, that would be a really bad thing for the
economy. And Jane, you asked me, what is an economy? It's this
whole network around us of stores and shops and businesses.
So it's good for me, but it's bad for all of them, because if
prices start going down, then that means the economy is
shrinking. Businesses aren't selling as much. They stop
hiring people. More people lose their jobs. When prices go down,
everything is getting smaller. Everything is shrinking. So when
prices are going up a little bit, maybe not enough for you
and I to notice, maybe our Reese's Peanut Butter Cup is
$1.10. That's okay; the price has gone up a little bit, but
it's not too much. Then that means the store is making a
little bit more money. You and I are happy. We're still able to
afford our peanut butter cups, and everything's growing a
little bit. So people want to see prices rising a little bit,
but they've been rising a lot lately, and that has been very
stressful for people.
Jane: Why have prices been rising so much more lately? Why
can the rate of inflation change? And sometimes it's too
steep, and sometimes it's, as you said, just a gradual rising
of the prices?
Stacey Vanek Smith: It's sort of like a, you know, like an
ecosystem, the economy. And so sometimes in an ecosystem,
balances change, right? Like, let's say one year it rains a
lot, and so everything's kind of flooded, and there's a lot of
water, and so the grass really grows, and all these weeds
really grow. But then the next year it doesn't really rain at
all, and so it's really dry and all the grass dies off. An
economy is a little bit like that. So things are always
changing. Inflation's always rising and falling. But
sometimes things can get out of balance. So let's say it rains
every day for a year, then we're all underwater. And that can
happen in an economy too. Things can get really out of balance.
And this happens for a number of reasons, but one of the things
that can happen--so our economy got really out of balance during
COVID, during the pandemic. And what happened was, for a long
time, everything was shut down. A lot of us were in our homes
all the time. That was really difficult for a lot of
businesses. Like, if you have a pizza restaurant and nobody is
coming to your restaurant, that's really hard. So it was a
really strange moment. The government sent a lot of money
out to people. Then people had extra money, so they started to
spend that extra money, and that kind of pushed prices up, like
you and me with our $5 at the candy store. So there was a lot
of extra money in the economy, but it was because of COVID,
which just messed everything up. It made everything go out of
balance. And it was really hard in a lot of ways, but the
economy was one of them. It was just a really strange kind of a
shock that happened. And so that is a lot of why prices started
to rise so much, and now it's really hard to get them to stop
rising, because we're in, like, a little bit of a cycle. It's
like we have all this momentum, you know, like, if you push a
skateboard down a hill, it's a lot harder to stop it than it is
to stop it if it's just on a flat surface. So our skateboard
is going down the hill right now, and everybody's trying to
stop it, but it's really hard.
Jane: So I bet you're starting to understand that inflation is
complicated. It can be kind of good if it's slow and in balance
with how much money people have to spend, but kind of bad if
it's too slow, or really bad if it's too fast and prices are
rising higher than people can afford. One thing people keep
talking about lately is the price of eggs and how expensive
they are. Eggs are just one teeny, tiny piece of the
economy, but they're something people eat a lot of, and they're
seen as kind of a basic necessity. So when egg prices
are really high, people like to use that as one example of an
economy that feels out of whack. We don't really need to dig too
deeply into this. But eggs are an interesting example, because
sometimes the price of our food and other stuff we need, what
are sometimes called basic commodities, is affected by
things out of our control and outside of our government's
influence. Like, with eggs, there's something called avian
flu that's affecting a lot of chickens and other birds (and
starting to affect cows and other animals as well). So if
there are fewer chickens, that could mean fewer eggs. And if
everyone still wants eggs, but there aren't as many, or it
costs a lot more to produce them, the price of eggs is going
to go up, and it's going to go up fast. That candy bar example
is another good one. Climate change is making it harder for
farmers in West Africa to grow cocoa, which is the base of
chocolate. So prices are going up faster than normal. But
chocolate isn't as much of a necessity as eggs are.
We've got more of your economic questions coming up, like,
what's the stock market and why do adults talk about taxes all
the time? And we still need to figure out what are tariffs. So
stay tuned.
Jane: I'm Jane Lindholm. Today on But Why we're talking about
money and the economy with business reporter and Bloomberg
senior editor, Stacey Vanek Smith.
Judah: Hi. My name is Judah. I'm 10 years old. I live in Los
Angeles, California, and my question is, what is the stock market?
Stacey Vanek Smith: The stock market is a big network. It is a
little bit like being inside of a video game. It's like its own
world. So let's say you're inside of this video game, and
what everybody does in this video game is they buy pieces of
companies. So a lot of companies are in this video game, all the
companies that you know, probably. Big companies like
Target or McDonald's or Walmart or Starbucks, they're all in
this video game, and you can buy a piece of them. So let's say
you really love the cookies at Starbucks. So you're like, "I
think Starbucks is gonna sell a lot of these cookies. I love
Starbucks. I believe they're going to grow. I want to buy a
piece of it." So you go into this little network and you buy
a piece of Starbucks, and you give them $10. Let's say that's
how much it costs to buy a piece of Starbucks. So let's say a lot
of people love their cookies. A lot of people are going to also
buy a lot of pieces of Starbucks. So Starbucks is
getting $10 from all these different people, and suddenly
it has more money, and it opens more stores and makes more
cookies and sells more cookies, and then Starbucks is worth even
more money. So then your piece of Starbucks is also worth more
money, because all of the pieces of Starbucks are worth more
money. So that is how the stock market works. And people go into
this world, into this video game, because there's a company
that they think is gonna get bigger, a company that they
think is gonna make more money, and they wanna buy a piece of
it. And so you can be kind of a part of that company, as that
company is growing and making more money, you can also make
more money and you own a little piece of it.
Jane: Another thing to know about the stock market is that
the value of these pieces of companies tends to go up and
down. It can be up one day and down the next, or up for a few
months and then down for a while. So people who are buying
and selling on the stock market are always trying to figure out
what they think is going to happen next. They're trying to
sort of predict the future so they can buy or sell at the
right time to make money. But why should kids care about the
stock market?
Stacey Vanek Smith: Well, it's just that it's basically a whole
bunch of big companies, and they're really important in our
country. They're really important to our economy. They
make a big difference in how many people have jobs, how much
people get paid in those jobs, how stressed out people are. If
people have a little extra money, they can enjoy themselves
and go on vacation, or if they're really stressed out and
have to cut back all the time and they're in debt. So we watch
them, because the economy is so big and it's all around us, it
can be hard to know what's happening in it. You know, it's
like you're inside a video game. It's like, hard to know what's
happening on the whole video game, but you take little
indicators to try to figure out what's going on. And so the big
companies are something people can watch, and they can track it
every day to try to figure out what's happening in this whole
network that's all around us. And so that's why everybody
watches the stock market. So if you don't own stock, there's no
need to stress about the stock market, but it's still an
important thing in your life, because it affects this kind of
ecosystem that we're all a part of.
Jane: So Stacey, let's talk a little bit about taxes, because...
Stacey Vanek Smith: -yes-
Jane: They're something that adults think about a lot, and
kids have questions.
Naomi: My name is Naomi. I live in Everett, Washington, and I'm
seven years old. What are taxes and why do we have to have
taxes?
Ben: Hi, my name is Ben and I'm five years old. Why do people
pay taxes?
Xavier: Hi, But Why. My name is Xavier, and I live in Sydney,
Australia. I'm nine years old. Why does the government make you
pay tax?
Stacey Vanek Smith: So the best way that I can describe taxes, I
think that taxes are like a deal that we make with the
government. So, basically, the government is all around us--our
country, and the government provides us with things: police
to keep us safe, a fire department to keep our houses
from catching on fire, roads so we can get places, parks so we
can go play in the park. And those things cost money. And in
order to pay for those, the government takes money from us.
We pay that money. So the government takes all the money
that we all pay, and it provides things for all of us. And I
think the reason that people argue so much about taxes--this
is one of the big things people argue about--is because we
disagree over what this deal should look like. Some people
say, well, we shouldn't pay very much, and the government
shouldn't do that much, like maybe just the police and the
fire department and maybe some schools and roads and done. And
other people say, no, no, the government should do a lot more.
It should put playgrounds in the parks and keep the playgrounds
really nice. There should be snacks in school, and the snacks
should be really nice. There should be music programs and art
programs, and the government should be involved in helping
create those, too. Or sometimes people think the way the
government's spending money is not the right way. It's like,
why are you spending money on playgrounds instead of school
lunches? Or why is there a music program but not a theater
program? And so this is what everybody's always arguing about
about taxes. And it's a good thing to argue about because
it's really the most basic thing that has to do with how we live
and the relationship that we have with our country.
Jane: How do we pay taxes? Not everybody pays exactly the same
amount.
Stacey Vanek Smith: That's true. It's different in different
countries. In the US, we have different kinds of taxes, first
of all, but the big tax that we pay is income tax. So depending
on how much money you make, if you reach a certain level...If
you're below that level, you don't have to pay taxes,
usually. If you're above a level, then you have to pay a
percentage of your income. So let's say, Jane, I make $100 and
you make $200. Let's say the tax is 10%. So 10% of 100 is 10. So
I am paying $10 in taxes every year. But you make more money.
You are making $200 a year. Then you are paying $20 because 10%
of 200 is 20. So then you are paying $20 a year in taxes. So
that's how it works. So if you have more money, you're paying
more in taxes, and if you make a little less money, then you're
paying a little less in taxes. That's how it works in the US.
Jane: Another type of tax you might come across as a kid is a
sales tax. You might go to the store and decide to buy a toy
that's $20. But when you go to the cash register to pay for
your new toy, it costs a little more than that, because there's
a tax added on top of the price of the toy. Why do many places
have a sales tax?
Stacey Vanek Smith: A sales tax is another way to make money.
Not only does the federal government, the whole country
government, have to raise money, but all the states that we live
in have to raise money too. And so they will sometimes take a
portion of our income taxes, but also they raise money in other
ways, on houses--people pay property tax, but on sales tax
too. So yeah, it's a way for the state to raise money, and then
they use the money from sales tax to pay for all kinds of
things for us.
Jane: One of the things that we've been hearing a lot about
in the news is something called a tariff. What is a tariff? Is
it different than a tax? Is it a kind of tax?
Stacey Vanek Smith: Tariffs are exactly that, a kind of tax. A
tariff is a tax on something that was made in a foreign
country. So let's say, Jane, you want to buy a scooter, and there
are two scooters in the store. One of them is made in the
United States, and one of them is, let's say, made in China.
China makes a lot of the things that we buy. So let's say the
scooter that was made in the United States cost $20. A lot of
that's because, let's say it took one person one hour to make
that scooter, and that person got paid $15 in an hour. So then
the company will pay the person $15 and then it'll take that
scooter to sell it. And they want to, you know, they want to
make a little money on the scooter, so they charge $20 for
it. That's fine.
Jane: Companies will also have to account for the cost of the
materials needed to build that scooter, and that's built into
the price too. But the amount of money someone had to be paid to
make that scooter varies widely from country to country.
Stacey Vanek Smith: In China, people make much lower wages.
People get paid less. So in China, let's say the worker gets
paid $10 for making that scooter. Well then China can
sell the same scooter. It can still make a little bit of
money, let's say it charges $15. And then that means that if you
go to the store and you're buying a scooter, the same exact
scooter that took the same exact amount of time for a person to
make will cost $20 if you get the scooter that was made in the
US, or it will cost $15 if you get the scooter that was made in
China. Well, you might want to save that $5 so you have candy
bar money, so you will buy the cheaper scooter. Well, sometimes
governments want to help out companies that are based in
their own country. So then let's say the US says American scooter
makers are complaining that they're not selling enough
scooters. So we're going to charge a tax to all the Chinese
scooters so that their scooters end up being $20 too. So it's
the same price. Or maybe they're going to charge so much in
tariffs they have to charge $25. So it's a way for governments to
kind of protect companies in their own country. And we have
to pay those taxes too. When we want to sell scooters to people
in China, we have to pay those taxes too.
Jane: Technically, when a tariff is placed on goods coming in
from another country, it's not that other country's government
who pays, and it's not even always the company that makes
the product that pays. The tariff is paid by whatever
company is bringing in that foreign made scooter or
whatever. The company that brings it into the new country
is called the importer. So it's often an American company that
has to pay the tariff, not the, say, Chinese scooter maker. But
it affects the Chinese scooter maker because those importers
might not want to buy that scooter from China now that it's
more expensive. While we're talking about a whole scooter as
our example, sometimes it's not a whole anything at all that's
getting taxed. It could be just one part of a scooter or car or
the materials that are being used to build a house that are
ultimately going to be put together in the United States.
Also, once one country starts putting tariffs on products from
another country, that other country might put tariffs on
products coming from the first country. So if the US imposes
tariffs on China, Canada, Mexico and Europe, all of those places
might put tariffs on products--different products or
the same ones--coming from the United States into their
countries. Ultimately, it's often the person buying the
product in the end, like you and I, who wind up paying the tariff
or having fewer options for what we want to buy.
The other thing that makes this all complicated is that
sometimes governments use tariffs or the threat of tariffs
as political bargaining tools that don't have all that much to
do with the actual products that are going to get the tariff. And
that's partially what's happening right now.
Stacey Vanek Smith: This has to do with our relationship with
other countries. So let's say we want to be friends with China.
We have making a whole bunch of deals with China. China is a
huge economy. It's really important economy in the world.
And so we are bargaining with them about a whole bunch of
things. And so part of the bargain, they want their
scooters to sell really well in the US, and their scooters
aren't selling very well because they're more expensive than the
scooters made in the US. So you know, the US and China, they're
making these big, fancy deals about all kinds of things. One
of the things China might ask for in this deal is, "Hey, can
you lower the tariffs? So can you lower these taxes so that we
can sell our scooters for less money?" It's part of the deals
that countries make. And so if you're friends with the country,
then you don't want to charge them too many taxes. You're
like, "No, no, we love you. We'll sell your scooters for the
same price." And then they're, you know, that's what you do
with your friends. But if you're not friends with them, if you're
angry with them, or if you're in some kind of competition with
them, maybe you'll say, "You know what? We're gonna put a
huge tariff on everything so that now, like you're you won't
be able to sell as many scooters in the US." So it's like a
bargaining chip. It's like a deal that you make. So it's a
way that you can reward your friends and punish people you're
not friends with, or you're trying to, like, make them do
what you want. Tariffs are a way that you can do that.
Jane: One of the countries that the US has been talking about
putting extra tariffs on is Canada. Canada is a neighbor of
the United States, and generally Canada and the US are really
good friends.
Stacey Vanek Smith: Yeah.
Jane: And Canada is the US largest trading partner. So why
are we threatening to put new tariffs on Canada?
Stacey Vanek Smith: Well, that's a really interesting question.
So, President Trump wants to kind of shake up the way that
tariffs have been done. So for a really long time, the way that
things were going--this is basically ever since the end of
World War II, when a lot of the countries in the world got
together and said, "One of the ways that we'll make sure that
we don't get into wars is if we're all trading a lot with no
tariffs." It's just a way, like, well, if you have your friends,
and you trade candy with your friends every day, you're less
likely to get into a big fight with them, because you want your
candy. So you get this big selection of candy every day,
and you don't want that to stop. So even if you're mad at
someone, you'll kind of brush it off or let it go, because you
don't want to break up this candy alliance. What's going on
right now is that President Trump wants to use tariffs as a
way to make different deals with different countries and to kind
of get his way on different issues. And so he's using
tariffs. And the reason why is that in the US, we buy a lot of
stuff, like, a lot of stuff, like, more than anybody else in
the world buys. So people want to sell their stuff in the US,
because we buy so much stuff. And so it's a pretty big
bargaining chip.
Jane: Canada and the US have a long history of working together
on big issues, and we share a lot of cultural and family
connections. That's true for the US relationship with Mexico as
well. So even though tariffs are an economic bargaining tool,
they can also feel very personal. We're putting out this
episode on March 7, 2025 and a lot of this is still in flux,
still changing, as we make the episode. So the news may have
changed by the time you listen, but I hope you at least got a
little bit of understanding now of what's being discussed if you
hear talk about tariffs in the news. We didn't want to end our
conversation with Stacey on tariffs though, so we threw her
one more bonus question while we had her.
Brooke: My name is Brooke. I'm from Morristown, New Jersey, and
I'm nine years old. Why do we say like $19.99 instead of $20?
Jane: Brooke is wondering, why do we say this thing costs
$19.99 instead of $20. Why do we often have things that cost 99 cents?
Stacey Vanek Smith: That is not because of anything in the
economy. It's just a little bit of a brain trick that companies
will play on us. Because, let's say I don't know, is there
something that you want to buy, Jane?
Jane: I want to buy a new board game.
Stacey Vanek Smith: Okay, you want to buy a new board game. So
let's say you go to the store and you're trying to decide
between a couple of different board games. And one of the
board games is $20 and the other one is $19.99. Essentially they
cost the same amount, but the $19.99 one seems a little bit
cheaper because there's a one at the beginning. And even though,
logically, the difference is just a penny, in your brain, it
just seems like a better deal, because our brains are kind of
funny. It's like a little illusion in our brain, you know
what I mean? So even if we know that trick is happening, it
still works. I know that this is what companies do to make things
seem less expensive than they are, especially a moment like
now, when the prices are rising a lot, but I still fall for it
all the time.
Jane: Thanks to Stacey Vanek Smith for joining us today and
helping us learn about money and the economy. She's been a
business reporter for a long time, and she's a senior editor
at Bloomberg News. We went through a lot in this episode,
from inflation to the stock market to taxes. All of those
things are really complicated, and there's still so much more
to the economy than we could possibly cover in this one
episode. So if listening to this gave you even more questions
about how the economy works, talk to the adults in your life
and maybe see if your school, or at least your middle or high
school, has an investment club or classes about money and
economics. With the help of Stacey, we put together a list
of resources to help kids learn more about money and the
economy. You can find it in the show notes and on our website,
butwhykids.org. As always, if you have a question about
anything, have an adult record you asking it. It's easy to do
on a smartphone using an app like Voice Memos, then email it
to questions@butwhykids.org We listen to every single question
you send us. But Why is produced by Melody Bodette, Sarah Baik
and me, Jane Lindholm, at Vermont Public, and we're
distributed by PRX. Our video producer is Joey Palumbo. Check
out our YouTube series, But Why Bites. We put out a short, bite
sized video episode every other Friday. So if you can't wait for
a new episode, try one of our video ones in between podcast
ones. Our theme music is by Luke Reynolds. We'll be back in two
weeks with an all new episode. Until then, stay curious!