WEBVTT

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JACK: Hey, it’s Jack, host of the show.

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I’m a little under the weather this week, so this will be a short episode.

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I don’t want to leave you hanging, but I also don’t have it in me to deliver an hour’s

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worth of stories for you.

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So, I’m sorry, but I hope you like the episode anyway.

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Warren Buffet has been one of the top ten richest people in the world for quite a while

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now.

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He got rich mostly from investing, and his main strategy is to invest in wonderful companies

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at a fair price.

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One day, Jeff Bezos asked him well, your investment thesis is so simple; why doesn’t everyone

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just copy you?

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Warren Buffet said because nobody wants to get rich slow.

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If you look around the internet, you will see loads of get-rich-quick schemes, people

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claiming to make over $500,000 a year, and if you buy their training course, you too

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can learn the secrets of their success.

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There’s so many others, but this story is about a guy who had a brilliant get-rich-quick

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scheme that actually worked.

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(INTRO): [INTRO MUSIC] These are true stories from the dark side of the internet.

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I’m Jack Rhysider.

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This is Darknet Diaries.

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[INTRO MUSIC ENDS]

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JACK: Facebook is a company that knows how to make money.

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In 2012, their revenue for the year was $5 billion.

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That’s a lot of money.

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They are incredibly profitable, and it’s the kind of money that makes you wish maybe

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I should start a business to get that rich, too.

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[MUSIC] But no; no, no, no.

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That’s way too hard.

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Building a unique website, marketing it, getting users, and waiting for it to grow crazy big?

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All that takes a long time and a lot of energy, and you have to be really lucky, too.

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Facebook was started in 2004 and it took them over five years before they began to make

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any kind of profit.

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Who has five years to sit around waiting to get rich?

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Facebook does not have a get-rich-quick scheme, but they did get rich over time, really rich.

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$5 billion in revenue in 2012 is a lot of money to flow through the coffers over at

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1 Hacker Way in Silicon Valley.

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Who’s counting all that money?

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Who’s got control of that?

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Well, a lot of people.

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A company like that probably has scores of people who have purchasing power.

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Perhaps a lot of employees have company credit cards to pay for travel or training, or managers

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might have a checkbook to buy major things like renting a new office space or leasing

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company vehicles or purchasing another company.

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In 2012, we heard this on the ABC Nightly News.

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HOST: Instagram, a company with only thirteen employees, bought today by Facebook for one

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billion dollars.

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JACK: [MUSIC] Whoa.

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How does that make you feel?

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When you hear that Facebook bought another company for a billion dollars, what goes through

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your mind?

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I mean, news like that makes me stop and think for a moment.

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My hand goes up to my chin and I start gazing out the window.

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That’s a lot of money.

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A guy named Evaldas Rimasauskas heard that news, and it put him in deep thought, too.

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He was forty-three years old in 2012 and was living in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania.

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The thing that ran through his head was who wrote that check?

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Who’s the person in Facebook that has the ability to write a one-billion-dollar check?

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Was it Mark Zuckerberg himself?

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Surely no; he must have people to do that, and those people must listen to Mark when

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Mark says hey, can you write a check for a billion dollars?

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We just bought another company.

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Yes, Mr. Zuckerberg, right away, Mr. Zuckerberg.

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Whoever has that power to write those checks must be really trusted over at Facebook.

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See, Evaldas had been learning a lot about how checks work during that time.

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He was fascinated with the whole system; a little piece of paper with the right numbers

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and signatures on it is all you need to take money from someone else.

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Evaldas was interested in different scams and thefts that you could do with checks and

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bank accounts and money-processing centers.

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He heard about how some people make bogus checks and how payroll fraud works and other

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ways to steal money from companies.

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I imagine Evaldas had some small wins during all this.

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I don’t know what, though, but my guess is that he probably started where a lot of

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other people like him start, with buying stolen credit cards online and then cashing them

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out and taking the money from them.

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But these kind of schemes only make you a few hundred dollars at a time.

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You really have to work your tail off to make the big bucks from this, and maybe that’s

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what he was doing when he heard this news.

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HOST: …bought today by Facebook for one billion dollars.

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[‘BILLION DOLLARS’ ECHOING]

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JACK: One billion dollars.

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Evaldas didn’t want to bother with petty $200-thefts.

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He wanted a piece of these big-time deals that Facebook was making.

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But how?

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It’s not like he has a wildly popular photo-sharing app that he can sell to Facebook for a billion

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dollars. Hm.

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He began to think about it.

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With all this money flowing in and out of Facebook, there has to be a way to somehow

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steal some of that or scam a piece of it for himself.

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He needed more information.

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He rounded up a few people to help him and he told them hey, call up Facebook and try

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to figure out who’s writing these huge checks and what companies they’re writing checks

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to.

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His buddies were like, huh?

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Call up Facebook and what?

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The end goal seemed impossible.

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How can you just call up Facebook and ask who’s writing the checks over there and

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where are you writing them to?

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You can’t.

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You’re gonna get nowhere fast if you do that.

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[MUSIC] So, they had to do it piece by piece and slowly social-engineer their way into

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the company to get this information.

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At first they called up Facebook’s customer support, and maybe they asked basic questions

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like what’s the number to the Accounting department?

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Or if I have an unpaid bill and Facebook owes me money, who should I talk to?

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Or maybe his team just looked on LinkedIn to see who’s working in the Finance and

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Accounting departments over at Facebook.

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Surely it would be a huge help to know who’s who over there, and maybe from there you can

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guess someone’s e-mail address.

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Maybe it’s just firstname.lastname@facebook.com?

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I don’t know.

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But if the e-mail is guessable, you could use that to try to gather more information

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from someone there, maybe by e-mailing them and asking them just for a basic piece of

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information, but when they reply, boom, their phone number might show up right in the footer

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of the e-mail, and now you can call them and try social-engineering them to give you more

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information.

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This is how Evaldas was chipping away at all the layers of security within Facebook, and

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all these little pieces of information can add up to give you quite a detailed understanding

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of the internal operations of their business.

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If you know who Facebook is doing business with, like maybe partners or contractors,

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then maybe you can attack this from the other side, too.

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Like, if you hear on social media that Facebook has contracted with Company XYZ, then you

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can call up Company XYZ and try to social-engineer them.

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Like, maybe you ask them who over at Facebook is paying invoices, or something like that.

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All these bits of information add up to be really helpful when trying to scam a company.

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The more Evaldas and his team scraped this information together, the more he understood

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about what options there were.

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After a while, they had a pretty good understanding of the social and accounting infrastructure

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within Facebook.

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[MUSIC] During all this, Evaldas learned that Facebook does a lot of business with a company

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called Quanta Computer.

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HOST2: Welcome to the Quanta Resource MFGT.

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Quanta Manufacturing Nashville repairs and refurbishes tablets and point-of-sale devices

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as well as bill servers, and provides Cloud computing services.

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Our customers include the world’s largest online retailer and the world’s largest

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social media company.

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JACK: This was it.

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Knowing this gave Evaldas all the information he needed to make his move.

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His big idea was that he was going to pose as Quanta Computing and issue an invoice to

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Facebook to pay a bill, and he hoped Facebook would pay him instead of Quanta.

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But in order for this to work, he had to make everything look really good.

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All the information he collected earlier was going to come into play here.

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[MUSIC] First, he set up a company called Quanta Computer, the exact same name.

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See, the real Quanta Computer is in Taiwan.

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He set his Quanta Computer company up in Latvia and Cypress, and then opened bank accounts

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under that name.

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Then he somehow got ahold of a real Quanta Computer invoice and knew exactly who was

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paying these invoices over at Facebook.

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He altered the invoice to simply change where the payment should be sent, which was to his

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bank instead of theirs.

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Now, you would think this might be enough; a fake invoice that looks exactly like the

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real one but with one minor thing changed, and you know exactly who pays these invoices

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over at Facebook.

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But Evaldas took this a step further, conducting what’s called a BEC scam.

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BEC stands for Business E-mail Compromise, but I can’t stand that term because there’s

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nothing actually compromised here.

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BEC is basically a phishing attack, but you’re posing as someone that the victim knows already.

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So, the problem here is if Evaldas just sent an e-mail to Facebook saying pay this bill,

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what e-mail address should he use?

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He’s not gonna use his personal e-mail address because that would be a huge red flag.

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You’d hope someone at Facebook would notice who sent him the invoice and realize it wasn’t

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someone from Quanta.

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He can’t use something like quantacomputer@gmail.com because that’s not what Quanta’s e-mails

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look like, either.

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So, Evaldas had to figure out who at Quanta typically sends these invoices out so he could

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look as close as he could to them.

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I’m not sure exactly what he did here, but my guess is he probably registered a domain

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that was very similar to Quanta’s actual domain and made his e-mail look super close

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to it, with maybe one letter off.

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Once he had all this set up, he was ready.

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He had his fake invoice, his fake domain, and fake business all set up.

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He put it together and sent the e-mail to the right person at Facebook, telling them

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to update where payments should be sent when paying bills for Quanta, and the person at

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Facebook saw this e-mail and fell for it, making the change so that the payments are

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now sent to Evaldas’ bank instead of the real Quanta’s bank account.

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Not too long after that, he got a notice from his bank that said a large deposit has been

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made into your account from Facebook.

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[MUSIC] It worked.

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I don’t know how much this payment was for, but it was a lot; maybe a few hundred thousand

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dollars, maybe more.

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This was a huge win for Evaldas and his team.

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They got their piece of the Facebook riches.

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What a rush that must have been.

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But hey, if it worked once, could it work a second time?

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Yeah, sure enough, money kept rolling in from Facebook.

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Every time they’d go to pay a Quanta bill, they’d end up paying Evaldas instead.

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Incredible.

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Then he noticed something; Quanta also does business with Google, and Google is also a

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massive company with billions of dollars going in and out.

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So, he decided to social-engineer his way into Google and learn how their financial

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infrastructure was set up.

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Then he was able to trick someone at Google to send him money instead of Quanta.

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Because his system was so meticulously detailed and planned out, Google also fell for it and

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started paying him, too.

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Talk about a passive income scheme; Quanta would do all the work and he would get all

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the pay from it.

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Now, Quanta also does a lot of business with Apple and Amazon, too, and I’m not sure

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if Evaldas knew that, or maybe he tried to get into those companies, too.

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But at this point, Evaldas and his team had made millions of dollars off of Facebook and

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Google, which is just unreal.

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This get-rich scheme was working amazingly well.

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It’s kind of hilarious to just take a step back for a moment and look at this from a

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distance.

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He sent fake invoices to Facebook and Google, and they just paid them.

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He was making millions of dollars from these fake bills.

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It’s a crazy story.

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Oh, and he had a whole system to clean the money, too.

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Remember those bank accounts Evaldas set up in Latvia and Cypress?

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Well, after Google and Facebook had wired money to these accounts, Evaldas would then

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spring into action, sending the money to even more accounts in banks around the world; Slovakia,

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Lithuania, Hungary, and Hong Kong.

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Moving the money around would make it harder to track where it ultimately would end up,

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which was in Evaldas’ pockets.

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If any representative of these banks raised an eyebrow at these massive transfers, Evaldas

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would just send them fake legal documents that made it look like his money laundering

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scheme was just normal business dealings.

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So, Evaldas was doing great, making tons of money from this BEC scam that he had set up.

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Over the next two years, he extracted $23 million from Google and a whopping $98 million

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from Facebook.

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Things were better than good for him; they were going great, and his system for laundering

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money by moving it around different banks was working well, too.

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Everything felt pretty secure for him, [MUSIC] until one tiny detail he overlooked came into

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light.

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At some point, someone at Google or Facebook noticed this scam.

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I bet it was Quanta calling them up, like where’s our money?

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They must have been like ‘uh-oh’ when they realized that they’d been tricked into

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sending it to the wrong place.

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So, someone started investigating this, and they were tracing the footsteps.

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They saw that they had wired all the money to a bank in Cypress, then they looked to

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see which e-mail it was that switched banks, and this made them realized oh, it was the

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domain that wasn’t exactly the same when we got this e-mail, one that looked like Quanta’s

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but really wasn’t.

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Okay, so the next question then is who owns this lookalike domain?

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To figure that out, you can do a WHOIS lookup on a domain.

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It’ll tell you who registered it and who controls it.

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This is where Evaldas made his mistake.

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He registered it under his own personal e-mail address.

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It all unraveled from there.

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After consulting internally, the employee notified the FBI, and with millions of dollars

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stolen, the FBI jumped right into action; first freezing Evaldas’ funds so they couldn’t

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be transferred anywhere, and then the FBI started gathering all the evidence they could,

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which was actually a vast paper trail of phony invoices and contracts that Evaldas had so

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carefully crafted.

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Evaldas didn’t know it, but the paper trail led right to him in Lithuania.

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The Lithuanian authorities arrested Evaldas.

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From there, he was extradited to New York to be tried.

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Evaldas pleaded guilty to wire fraud, and two years later, in 2019, he was sentenced

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to five years in prison, plus a hefty bill for $26 million.

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With the help of the government, Google and Facebook were able to recover a bulk of their

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losses and hopefully learn some lessons from all this.

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Oh, and I don’t know what happened to Evaldas’ co-conspirators.

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While this scam caused two companies to take a massive hit, that was only a drop in the

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bucket.

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Between 2013 and 2019, the Internet Crime Complaint Center received reports of over

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$10 billion in losses from similar BEC scams like this.

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We’re talking spoofed e-mails, spear phishing, malware attacks, all with the intention of

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getting a company to send payments to the wrong person.

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This is not a new attack, but it’s certainly becoming a popular one, and it’s adding

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up to be quite a lot of damage to a lot of businesses.

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It’s important for businesses of every size to take protective measures to defend against

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this.

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I imagine the more profitable your company is, the more likely you’ll be targeted by

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thieves trying to steal some of your profits.

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But what’s scary here is that a small, clever team outsmarted the sophisticated security

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team at Google who sees a massive amount of attacks every day.

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You might say well, this is not a hacking incident, so how could the security team even

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help defend against this?

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Well, there are a lot of tools that are getting better at detecting this sort of thing, such

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as identifying when a lookalike domain has e-mailed you, or tools that just do basic

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domain reputation checking and then quarantine any e-mails that just don’t look right.

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But this story should also remind us that security is everyone’s responsibility in

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a company.

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(OUTRO): [OUTRO MUSIC] This show is made by me, the comptroller, Jack Rhysider.

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This episode was researched and written by the diversified Lydia Horne, mixing done by

00:17:48.489 --> 00:17:54.090
Proximity Sound, and our theme music is by the liability known as Breakmaster Cylinder.

00:17:54.090 --> 00:17:57.590
What does a baby computer call its father?

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Data.

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This is Darknet Diaries.
