JACK: Remember when Donald Trump had a Twitter account? He actually had two for a while;
one called @POTUS and the other called @realDonaldTrump. He used
his personal one a lot while he was president.
TRUMP: I pick up – I’m picking up – now, I think I
picked up yesterday 100,000 people. It’s a modern form of communication.
JACK: Of course, that was before his account got banned. [MUSIC] He sent
thousands of tweets while in office. He had over 80 million followers and that put him as
the seventh on the list of the most-followed Twitter accounts, sandwiched between Lady
Gaga and Taylor Swift. But he’s tweeted tens of thousands of times more than both of them
and he tweets more than anyone in the top ten. Twitter was his mouthpiece for so many things.
HOST1: Secretary of state Rex Tillerson learned
he was fired at the same time the rest of the world did; on Twitter.
HOST2: The president issuing this tweet suggesting that he is ready to leave Walter
Reed this evening. He’s feeling much better and ready to go back to the White House.
The president has a habit; when he sees his advisors and cabinet secretaries even saying
something in public that he doesn’t like, he has a habit of rebuking them over Twitter.
TRUMP: Social media is the way to go. I’ve got over 100 million people watching
and social media to me is the way to go. It’s a fast way of getting the word out.
JACK: With all that power and influence, I sure hope he practices good security so that
his Twitter account doesn’t get hacked, especially after saying things like this.
TRUMP: Nobody gets hacked. To get hacked you need somebody with 197
IQ and he needs about 15% of your password, right?
JACK: That statement is actually pretty ironic because Trump’s Twitter account
was hacked into three times that we know of,
and in this episode we’ll hear from the guys behind one of those hacks.
(INTRO): [INTRO MUSIC] These are
true stories from the dark side of the internet.
I’m Jack Rhysider. This is Darknet Diaries. [INTRO MUSIC ENDS]
JACK: [MUSIC]
The first time that we know of Trump’s Twitter account getting hacked was in 2013. Someone got
in and tweeted out some Lil Wayne lyrics. They posted quote, “These hoes think they classy. Well,
that’s the class I’m skipping.” End quote. Within minutes it was deleted and then Trump
tweeted ‘My Twitter has been seriously hacked and we’re looking into the perpetrators.’
As far as I know, they never caught the person who did that. Keep in mind, that was 2013,
long before Trump even began running for president, so maybe securing his account
wasn’t the highest priority at the time since he wasn’t president. But you would
think a self-proclaimed billionaire would take his digital security seriously. Well, maybe he didn’t.
This all reminds me of another person who got their account hacked into, a woman who was also
running in a presidential election. She got her e-mails hacked into and no, not those e-mails.
I’m talking about Sarah Palin. She was running for vice president in 2008 and got her Yahoo account
hacked into. How though? Russian hackers, you guess? No, it was a twenty-year-old guy on 4chan.
Her e-mail address was gov.palin@yahoo.com which was not that hard to figure out, so he went to
Yahoo and typed in her e-mail address, then he clicked I Forgot My Password. Yahoo said okay,
no problem; just answer these questions and we’ll reset your password. Question number one; what is
your birth date? Well, the hacker just went to Wikipedia and found that right away. Yahoo’s
website said okay, great. One more question; what high school did you go to? Well, Sarah Palin was
not shy about talking about her hometown of Wasilla, Alaska on TV in so many interviews,
so practically everyone knew she graduated from Wasilla High School. But besides that,
it was also listed on her Wikipedia page, too. After the hacker typed that in, bingo. Yahoo
let him reset the password and he was able to get into her account and see her e-mails. The
hacker posted screenshots of e-mails to 4chan and he caused a riot in the media.
He was later arrested and sentenced to one-and-a-half years in prison for gaining
unauthorized access to Sarah Palin’s account. Sadly, the hacker who did this, David Kernell,
was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and died in 2018 at thirty years old.
But this raises my first ethical question; personal identifiable information or PII is
the stuff the public isn’t supposed to know about. Your birth date and where you went to
high school shouldn’t be just sitting out there in the public, but Sarah [00:05:00] Palin’s PII
is right there on Wikipedia. So the question is, if I go onto Wikipedia and look at this,
would you say I committed identity theft? [MUSIC] Well, the judge said yes, this hacker did commit
identity theft by using the information that was posted on Wikipedia. But anyway, back to Trump.
The second time his Twitter account got hacked was in 2016, the year he was running for president,
and it was done by some grumpy old hackers. Okay, I’ll click it one more time. Ah, it’s working now.
MATT: Yes, it’s recording.
VICTOR: Yeah.
JACK: Jeez, this…
VICTOR: How many hackers does it take to click on one button, right?
JACK: Yeah. I called up the three guys that in 2016 hacked Donald Trump’s Twitter account.
They’re Dutch and part of a hacking club in the Netherlands. So, collectively you’re called what?
MATT: The Guild of the Grumpy Old Hackers.
VICTOR: Because we are grumpy.
EDWIN: We’re grumpy and old.
VICTOR: Very grumpy and old.
MATT: Not as old as Edwin.
EDWIN: [MUSIC] Oh, thank you.
JACK: So, the grumpy old hackers are a few friends that are also IT professionals. Edwin, who I met
at Defcon once, has grey hair and a big grey beard. He seems like an elder statesman to me.
EDWIN: I’m Edwin. I’m old. I’m like, almost fifty. Hacked since I was a kid. Started on
old computers my dad brought in, grew up from there, met a lot of hackers around the world in
the years after. The thing I love is combining all the hackers together. So, we are also The
Guild of the Grumpies. It’s like a combination of yeah, mostly elderly hackers just having fun
and trying to do stuff which is always on the edge because that’s mostly the fun there is.
JACK: Also on the call is Matt.
MATT: My name is Matt and I spent a twenty-year professional computer security career
both in the offensive and as well as the defensive side.
I developed a special interest in process automation and industrial systems. I’ve tinkered
with a lot of nice devices over the years and found there was a couple vulnerabilities in them.
JACK: Then there’s Victor.
VICTOR: My name is Victor. I’m a security researcher. I’ve been doing
responsible disclosures, so I like to find problems, vulnerabilities,
configuration errors in systems and then try to track the owner of the system or
the organization and then notify them. It’s grown from a little hobby into almost an entire day job.
JACK: Victor works with the Dutch Institute of Vulnerability Disclosure,
something Edwin and Matt help out with, too. Together, they like to find vulnerabilities
in things and report that to the people who can fix them. Someone once described these guys as…
EDWIN: The guys who inform you that your zipper is open just before you go onstage, you know? That’s
basically us. We whisper in your ear; sorry man, your password is out there. That’s the idea. We
try to help people. Yeah, we don’t need people to be embarrassed or whatever, you know? We love
finding stuff. We love finding leaks in systems, in servers, in doors, in lock-picking stuff. We
love all those puzzles. That’s for us and if we find something, yeah, we will tell you about it.
JACK: The Grumps find problems and then tell whoever is in charge of
that and get them to fix it. Maybe they’ll respond by saying thank you,
because they want stuff to get fixed so the internet can be a safer place.
Another important thing that the Grumps do which Edwin is known most for is mentoring
the next generation of hackers, especially those that could get into trouble with the
law or already have. They work with Hack_Right, a Dutch law enforcement program that helps put
young offenders back on track. The goal is to recalibrate their skills for ethical hacking.
EDWIN: We see a lot of kids who go in the wrong side when they, for instance, find a database
of credit card information or something and try to tell people about it. When we hear about it,
we try to steer them in the right direction, so, do a vulnerability disclosure to the company.
JACK: Like, if you stumble onto a database, don’t sell it on the dark web. Instead,
let that company know that there’s a problem with their security and keep it between you
and them. That’s the Grumpy way. But the Grumpy way and ethical hacking can have
some grey areas. [MUSIC] Here’s a question for you, my listener; suppose these Grumpy hackers
find your password out there. Should they test it first to see if it’s valid before telling you it’s
out there or just tell you that they found it? Or here’s another one; should they test it on other
accounts that you also have too to let you know that hey, not only did we find your password but
we know for sure it works on these four accounts? It seems wrong for them to test all this, right?
I mean, how dare they try my password on all these accounts. But let’s remember what their intention
is. It’s to help [00:10:00] people be more secure. They just want to do it in a responsible way.
So, I just wonder if it’s possible to trespass responsibly. Yes, there are bug bounty programs
out there that openly say if you can hack me, we’ll give you a reward. But what about all
the places out there that don’t have bug bounty programs? Do you have a bug bounty program for
your own personal life? A lot of places don’t because either they can’t afford it or it’s
like a school or charity or they don’t even know that’s a thing. If you try to e-mail a
charity and ask them hey, would you like a free penetration test? Chances are they’ll tell you
to take a hike. I suppose there’s an argument that could depend on who you’re trying to hack,
too. If it’s someone important like the president, it might be good to test their security for the
good of democracy. That’s an ethical dilemma which The Grumpy Old Hackers were facing back in 2016.
It all started when they got together and went to a security conference.
EDWIN: [MUSIC] We were at a conference called BruCON in Belgium.
JACK: BruCON is an annual meetup for hackers and security professionals. Now, shenanigans certainly
happen at these kind of gatherings. In fact, when you go to a security conference like this,
you’ll see tables of people all sitting around using their computers obsessively; not going to
any talks or workshops, just using their computer like, the whole time. It’s kind of weird at first.
Like, isn’t a conference supposed to be for socializing and getting to know others? Why
are people just huddling around their computers, seemingly isolating themselves from the whole
event? Well, there’s a lot of reasons. Sometimes there’s hacking contests going on and you just
need a place to work on it, and sometimes people are learning new hacking methods and testing them
out and teaching each other. Sometimes people are up to no good and just try to hack the hackers.
Edwin, Victor, and Matt all head up to their hotel room after the conference to chill out
and unwind for the day. But during that day, Edwin got access to the LinkedIn database from
2012. If you’re unfamiliar with this, check out the episode just before this one. Basically,
back in 2012, LinkedIn’s website was breached and over 100 million e-mails
and passwords were stolen. The database was sold on the dark web for a while but
kept mostly hidden. But in 2016, the database started making its way around the internet,
getting passed around freely. So for the first time, security researchers were seeing exactly
what was in the database dump. That’s when Edwin saw a link on Facebook which was the
LinkedIn database. He downloaded the over 100 million user details and showed it to Matt
and Victor. Together in their hotel room that night, they explored what was there.
EDWIN: [MUSIC] We would never buy a database. We don’t do stuff like that but now it’s available
for free, so we can download it and we can look at it and yeah, that’s what we did.
JACK: It was the evening of October 27th, just about a week before the
2016 US presidential election. Sitting around in a hotel room,
The Grumpy Old Hackers started looking through the database. At first, they were just looking
around for their own names to see if it was in this database and if the password
was cracked or accurate or what. Then they started looking for other people they knew.
EDWIN: We saw a lot of people we know in there so we tried to warn them, call them,
send them messages; you know, your password is in there. Change it immediately. If you don’t,
et cetera, et cetera.
JACK: Okay, so the data stolen from the LinkedIn breach was usernames,
e-mail addresses, and SHA-1 hashed passwords. Now,
hashed passwords aren’t passwords. It’s what the password looks like after it goes through
an algorithm. It takes some footwork to figure out what these passwords were. Unfortunately,
LinkedIn wasn’t salting their passwords which is a way to make cracking passwords harder,
so someone tried their best at cracking the 100 million credentials in this breach. Some reports
say that they were able to crack 60% of the passwords. The document that Edwin downloaded
from Facebook simply contained the e-mail address and the cracked clear text password. So,
if they were to look in this database for their friend’s name and there was a hit, they would see
that friend’s password that they were using on LinkedIn in 2012, four years earlier than this.
As you might have guessed, many users weren’t picking strong passwords. Over 700,000
users just had the password ‘123456’, and 170,000 people just had ‘LinkedIn’ as their LinkedIn
password. Of course, the third most-popular password was just ‘password’. Those are bad
passwords and these grumpy geeks were taking upon themselves to educate everyone they knew
about what they were seeing in this database dump. So, they sent out e-mails to friends and family,
showing them that their password from four years ago is now visible for
everyone in the world. Because if they were using that password anywhere else,
it should also be changed. They expanded their search to just people they knew of.
EDWIN: [MUSIC] [00:15:00] We did it to just warn the people we know and
there were a lot of people from the government, the Netherlands,
in there from police and a lot of big companies were in there. We just tried to warn them.
JACK: The messaging was like this; hey, look, we see your e-mail and password is in the LinkedIn
database dump which is getting passed around freely now. If you have any login accounts which
use this same password, it’s a good idea to change it. Victor says people were glad to hear from him.
VICTOR: Most were very grateful because credential stuffing was not such a big topic in 2016 but it
was going on. The problem with passwords is that even though we know that we should take
good passwords and we should have good password hygiene, in 2016 no one was actually practicing.
If you look at the entire database and the passwords that it contained, it’s very clear
that almost no one had a good password.
JACK: Victor says they dug around the database and reached out to people for hours. After that,
they were wrapping up and picking a place to go eat dinner. But then…
MATT: [MUSIC] Donald Trump passed on the television because it was, of course, it was
election year and he just – you know what I mean? He was just on the television, so that was the
cue for Mattijs, for – let’s see if he’s in there, you know? Or how many Trumps are in there anyway?
JACK: Matt checked for Donald Trump in the LinkedIn database.
MATT: Literally grepped the donaldtrump.com domain and I said hey, Trump is in here as well.
JACK: Okay, so they grepped or searched this text file for anything that matched
trump.com and there were a lot of hits. The first name on the list was an employee
at marina.trump.com. This was a casino that Donald Trump owns in New Jersey,
but it racked up more debts than profits and Trump sold it in 2011 for a significant loss. The next
hit was for a person with a plaza.trump.com e-mail address. The Trump Plaza was another
casino in New Jersey that totally closed down due to losses, leaving 1,300 employees out of
work. Then there were a lot of hits in the database for taj.trump.com. Once again,
this was for employees who worked at Trump’s Taj Mahal, another casino in New Jersey.
What’s interesting about that casino is that it was found guilty of money laundering and fined
by the government and was the highest fine ever levied by the US government
against a casino. Yeah, that casino was also shut down. But the Hard Rock Cafe
bought it and remodeled it and reopened it. So, there were a lot of names in
this database who worked at defunct Trump casinos. But as they kept scrolling through,
they found the Donald. In the LinkedIn database, standing there in the crowd was an e-mail address,
donaldtrump@trump.com. This was Donald’s e-mail address. They immediately looked at his password.
MATT: The password was already cracked,
that one. But yeah, it was so obvious so we thought yeah, this cannot be true.
JACK: Trump’s password was so blatantly simple. It left them kind of giddy in disbelief.
EDWIN: Then I probably said what’s his password?
MATT: You’re never gonna – you’re never gonna guess. It’s ‘yourefired’.
EDWIN: What?
JACK: Trump’s LinkedIn password in 2012 was ‘yourefired’, all lowercase, no spaces, no special
characters. ‘You’re fired’ was the catchphrase he used on his reality TV show The Apprentice.
TRUMP: Jennifer, this is really easy. You’re fired. Chris, you’re fired. Maria,
you’re fired. You’re fired. You’re fired. You’re fired.
JACK: It became a very popular thing for him to say on the show, so it was shocking to these
Grumpy hackers to see such an obvious and basic password that he was using to get into LinkedIn
in 2012. Now, at first I questioned whether Donald Trump even had a LinkedIn account in
2012 because I just can’t even imagine a billionaire caring about having an account
on LinkedIn. I just went there and typed in a bunch of billionaire names and most don’t have
accounts there. People go on LinkedIn to network and to look for jobs. Donald Trump doesn’t need
to network or look for jobs but this account was his, and he also had a Twitter account and
Facebook account at the time. Maybe he was just interested in social media and wanted accounts in
top places like everyone else had. I mean, Obama had an account on LinkedIn at the same time, too.
Now, his credentials could have been simple for a couple of reasons.
To start, I’m guessing that Trump isn’t all that tech-savvy and he’s very busy,
so he probably didn’t even set up his own LinkedIn account. He probably didn’t huddle
over his computer for hours like everyone else, writing out a description of himself and his
accomplishments and following all his friends, so it’s possible that whoever set this account
up just wanted to give him an easy password that he’ll remember. Or maybe multiple people needed
access to his account because they’re [00:20:00] social media managers; they manage his account
for him, so they just picked an easy-to-remember password. In 2012, it wasn’t easy to share long,
complex passwords securely. Nonetheless, for a celebrity self-proclaimed billionaire, this was
bad practice. This left the Grumps wondering just how poor Trump’s password hygiene was. He wouldn’t
reuse this same password on other accounts, would he? And definitely not four years later, right?
MATT: [MUSIC] We were just joking around. Would he be so stupid
to use – to reuse his password for his Twitter accounts? No, that cannot be true.
JACK: If it were true, it would be straightforward
for the Grumps to log into Trump’s Twitter account.
They, like everyone else, knew the correct username, @realDonaldTrump, and now they had
a password to try. So, the group started thinking about what they could do with Trump’s password.
EDWIN: I just typed it in while the other guys were still mesmerized and then they
said maybe we should try it. I think Victor even said no, that’s dangerous.
VICTOR: Don’t do it.
EDWIN: Yeah, don’t do it. Then I said uh-oh.
VICTOR: Too late.
JACK: Edwin was just too curious. He went straightaway to twitter.com,
typed in the username @realDonaldTrump and typed in the password ‘yourefired’.
It worked to a degree. Twitter didn’t just let him in right away but it also didn’t
say Incorrect Password. Instead, it asked Edwin to confirm the e-mail address for the account.
VICTOR: So, we got the extra check for his e-mail address but at that time,
we knew of course hey, the password is correct.
JACK: It’s true; the fact that they got asked to confirm the e-mail means the password was correct.
Donald Trump was still using ‘yourefired’ as his Twitter password in 2016 while he
was running for president just weeks before the election. The e-mail check was an extra layer of
security since the attempt came from a hotel room in Belgium, not wherever the real Donald
Trump was. Twitter’s website did this extra check to make sure the login was valid but
this was an incredible moment. [MUSIC] Trump’s years-old ridiculous password was still valid,
but the Grumps quickly shook off their disbelief because they realized they had
a new problem. Matt says Edwin hadn’t done anything to cover his tracks.
MATT: If it not had been correct, we would have moved on but now we knew okay,
we logged in with the correct password. What will happen? We didn’t use any VPN or anything,
so it would trace back to the hotel and eventually to us.
JACK: But have they done anything wrong yet? They didn’t fully login. They just
tried one password one time to see if it was valid and it worked. To them,
it didn’t matter because their fingerprints were now on Trump’s Twitter account.
MATT: Imagine if you login with a known password. What would happen if someone else would do the
same and would pursue and would do some nasty things? The first traces would be to us,
so we would be screwed. So, we needed to have this fixed as fast as possible.
JACK: Ah-ha, interesting. The stakes were suddenly raised. If something went bad with
Trump’s Twitter account, they could wind up being blamed. Looking at the logs in Twitter,
they would see that Edwin successfully logged into his account and this
could come back to bite him, which could lead to legal repercussions.
EDWIN: We were in panic, of course,
and then we discussed okay, we should go on because otherwise we might be in trouble.
JACK: Going on meant logging into Trump’s Twitter account all the way but sticking with
the Grumps’ own ethical standards by submitting a responsible disclosure to Trump. Essentially,
they’d be doing Trump a favor by showing how easy it is to access his account. So,
stay with us because after the break, they go all in. The Grumpy Old Hackers were determined
to hack into Trump’s Twitter account. Victor, who’s found thousands of vulnerabilities,
says responsible disclosure is only good if the hack actually works.
VICTOR: [MUSIC] When you engage with a target or any investigation and you start your engagement,
after that, if you don’t use VPN or any other protective measures to hide your identity,
then you have to go through. The problem is, you cannot contact Donald Trump to say hey,
we found your password in this database. By the way, this is your password; we tried it but it
didn’t work. Responsible disclosure doesn’t work like that. You cannot warn someone,
say hey, we found your password; this is it but it didn’t work and we couldn’t log in.
So then, you have to continue. You have to finish the job.
JACK: So now their dinner plans were canceled. They were on a mission to find the e-mail address
connected to Trump’s Twitter account and hack into his account. The e-mail tied to his LinkedIn
account was donaldtrump@trump.com, so they tried that but it didn’t work. Hm, so what
else could it be? [00:25:00] They started doing some OSINT, open-source intelligence-gathering to
try to figure out what other e-mail addresses he uses. They were able to find a few other e-mail
addresses. They didn’t want to try to brute force this, like just trying one e-mail address after
another until they got in because that would be sloppy and possibly trigger some alerts.
VICTOR: If you start attacking Twitter, then you come to a very grey area. That would be a bridge
too far for us. We acted on OSINT. We acted on publicly available information and the only thing
that we had to do was to bypass the last hurdle to make the report valuable for Donald Trump.
JACK: [MUSIC] So they took their eyes off Twitter for a moment and started poking at
the trump.com domain. They also found another domain; donaldjtrump.com. They
wanted to figure out all the valid e-mail addresses that existed with these domains.
VICTOR: We had to enumerate it to find which new e-mail address he was using.
So, we used SMTP enumeration on his domains, over the e-mail domains.
JACK: So, that’s what SMTP enumeration is. SMTP is the e-mail protocol and enumeration just means
you’re trying to count how many there are and step through all of them one by one. This is a
fancy way of saying they wanted to find all the valid e-mail addresses associated with
Trump’s domains. Now, SMTP or e-mail works over port 25, so one way to do this is to connect to
donaldjtrump.com on port 25 and you can verify if an e-mail is valid by using the VRFY command,
which is verify, to connect and then say verify jack@donaldjtrump.com. If that’s a valid e-mail,
it’ll say yep, that’s valid, or no, that e-mail address doesn’t exist here. One
way they can enumerate this is just to pick a whole bunch of random names or words and then
type them in over and over and over until they have a nice list of e-mail addresses.
[MUSIC] But there’s a tool that can speed things along. It’s called Metasploit
and Metasploit can do a lot of things. It’s a hacking framework but one thing
it can do is SMTP enumeration which does the exact same thing as I just explained but it
uses a big word list to try thousands of names and words to try to find all the valid e-mail
addresses on that domain. It’ll try Adam, Bob, Chris, David, and so on and when it’s done,
it’ll just tell you what e-mail addresses are valid. So, they begin the process,
asking the donaldjtrump.com mail server what are the valid e-mail addresses, one by one.
MATT: The biggest rate limiter was actually the hotel’s WiFi, the internet connection,
because like every five, six minutes I get kicked out and you had to reconnect.
Sometimes the reconnection didn’t work, so imagine that you want to do enumeration or
you want to do some tests online to see if those e-mail addresses work and you have a
very bad internet connection. I think that was for us the limiting factor.
JACK: Man, that’s frustrating. They’re trying to help save the president’s Twitter account here
but they have crappy WiFi and it’s slowing them down. My guess is that since it was at a hacking
conference that the hackers in another hotel room were just attacking the hotel WiFi. But
after a few hours of enumerating the mail server, they looked at a list of passwords
and one jumped off the page at them. It was twitter@donaldjtrump.com. This looked like it
had the potential of being the e-mail address tied to real Donald Trump’s Twitter account.
VICTOR: It took a little bit of time. You go through the procedures that we already know.
We know how to enumerate e-mails. We know how to validate them online, so that part of the
process was okay. The big unknown was how is Twitter security working because once again,
this is not my – not the normal work that I do. I hunt for open database. I’m not
into breaking into security systems, so for – yeah, it took us some time to figure out okay,
why he got the challenge on the mobile phone when – as we tried to login, what it was doing there.
JACK: [MUSIC] Yeah, that was Twitter’s security policy for logins. If Donald Trump had an active
login in New York and then another one came in from Belgium, would Twitter care and flag this
as bad? Also, what kind of phone was Trump logged into Twitter with? Did Twitter know
that too and consider it at all when a new person logged in as Donald Trump? If these
things are taken into account, how hard is it to impersonate the same phone as Trump and look like
you’re coming from the same geographical region as Trump? This was now part of the challenge.
VICTOR: You had to start messing with your user agent because you know that
he’s using a very old Android phone, insecure Android phone.
JACK: In 2017, Trump switched to using iPhone but Android Central deduced that in 2016, Trump was
using the Samsung Galaxy S3. That phone originally came out in 2012 and got its last software update
in 2015, so yeah, in addition [00:30:00] to Trump’s poor passwords, his phone was also a
security risk. But the Grumps weren’t interested in hacking his phone. They just needed to mimic
it, so they switched their user agent to look like Trump’s Samsung S3. Then there was one more step.
MATT: We have to find out how this geofencing part of Twitter works, you know? How does it
know that – which is the real user based on geolocation and maybe device or something else?
JACK: The Grumps needed to look like they were somewhere where Trump would normally
sign in from. So, they used an open HTTP proxy in New York to
route their traffic through that to log into Twitter. These hurdles had
taken some time but they felt like they had everything figured out now.
MATT: All those stats, that took a good one hour – two hours I think approximately, to get there.
EDWIN: I remember I was bored at some point already, so it took some time.
JACK: You took a nap for a while.
EDWIN: Yeah. I’m the lazy one of the three so I find something,
I make a mess, and then they start fixing it.
VICTOR: [MUSIC] Well, everyone was all right, okay.
JACK: At this point they just ordered dinner up to the room and they’ve been hacking through the
wee hours of the morning, but now they were ready. They had tweaked the user agent to
mimic a Samsung Galaxy S3. Their traffic was now coming through New York and they had a username,
@realDonaldTrump, the password ‘yourefired’, and the e-mail address twitter@donaldjtrump.com.
They typed it all in, hit Enter, and they were in. I want to know
that feeling of hitting Enter and it says ‘Welcome to your account.’
VICTOR: I can describe the feeling – is always the
same. We are doing this work for more than twenty years.
Getting access to a system even today gives the same woo, nice, it worked. You solved a problem.
EDWIN: Wow, we’re in.
VICTOR: Yeah, wow, we’re in. Yeah.
EDWIN: You solved the puzzle.
VICTOR: We solved the puzzle.
JACK: They had full access to real Donald Trump’s Twitter account. If they wanted,
they could post as him or read his direct messages. They could even change his password
and e-mail if they wanted. Surely if that happened, Twitter would recover it but this
is the level of access they now had. They owned Trump’s Twitter account. They cleared the biggest
obstacle and hindsight being 20/20, it didn’t seem that hard to pull off. The Grumps had a
mishap and in a matter of hours figured out Trump’s credentials and tricked Twitter. Now
that the hack was complete, they could file a comprehensive, coordinated disclosure with
Trump. That would theoretically protect them from legal trouble. Here’s Victor.
VICTOR: Now comes the responsible task of documenting everything, [MUSIC] writing
the responsible disclosure e-mail, explaining to someone with hardly no experience with computers
or security, explaining what the issue is, what he can do about it, what has to be checked, what
has to be changed. You cannot say hey, we – this is your password, everyone can log in; goodbye,
because that’s not very helpful. You need to – if you write a report you have to explain what the
issue is, how it can be prevented, and some extra tips for making sure it doesn’t – happens again.
JACK: There were some clear things Trump could do better. He could use a longer,
more complex password with special characters and of course turn two-factor authentication on.
VICTOR: The things that we described, they’re technically not so difficult
and you can imagine that in those times, state-sponsored actors were of course
already busy trying to get access to god knows what systems. So, actually,
there’s – I think we were just in time finding this because it could have been anyone else in
that time period who will find the same way in and do something not so pleasant with that account.
JACK: The Grumps could have been those bad actors but that was never their intent.
They didn’t look at any private messages. They didn’t post any tweets. In the end,
they only took screenshots to prove they got in. Going further, Victor says that’s a no-go area.
VICTOR: That’s what we teach the young hackers. You know, please – if you do things like this,
logging into an account from someone without their permission is already
a very grey area. There must be a very, very good reason to do that,
to go – to cross that border. For us there was a good reason because, well, his Twitter account is
at risk. The risk that someone else would do it is very much likely there, so to make the
report strong enough, available enough for Trump to do something with it, we had to go that far.
JACK: [MUSIC] Victor says going this far to get into someone’s account was something
they’d normally advise against. Trying to log into Trump’s Twitter account was an unusual situation
even by the Grumpy standards. The payout though was that they discovered the person running for
the US presidency had a vulnerable Twitter account and they were going to help make it more secure.
The Grumps put their findings and suggestions into an e-mail and sent it over to Trump.
In the e-mail, they explained step-by-step how they got access to the Twitter account
with screenshots of everything. [00:35:00] They even suggested a more secure password
which was ‘!IwillmakeAmericagreatagainin2016!’ They CC’d the Department of Homeland Security
and the US Computer Emergency Readiness Team or CERT in case Trump ignored them.
On all these e-mails, they signed it as The Guild of the Grumpy Old Hackers, with all three of their
full names. They were eager to hear something back but it’s stressful when you send an e-mail
like this, essentially saying that you hacked into someone’s stuff, because you don’t know
what the reaction will be from it. You’re hoping that you get an e-mail back immediately thanking
you for pointing out this glaring problem and that we’ll address it right away, but whatever
hope they had for immediate gratification didn’t pan out. No one was getting back to them. Edwin
says they forwarded the report to the other Trump e-mail address that they found earlier.
EDWIN: A couple of hours later when we had no response, we sent them to campaign@donaldtrump
and some other e-mails we found and that’s good for us because in the end it turned
out evidence was of course hard, and we got a bounce-back from one of the e-mail addresses.
VICTOR: That was good for us because you need to – you know,
you can say that you’re sending an e-mail but if you have a bounce at least back from
one of those e-mail addresses, that – so it was nice to have.
JACK: [MUSIC] They felt like this bounced e-mail was their one shred of proof that they tried to
do the right thing but even still, they’re concerned that CERT didn’t write back yet.
They dealt with them before and knew the routine. Matt says things were different this time around.
MATT: Normally you get a ticket number but this time we got no
response at all. That’s where we started sweating.
EDWIN: That’s when we got a bit scared. Like, why don’t we get responses? Is it because US
CERT says okay, he’s not the president yet; he’s an individual, we don’t do anything about it? Or
is it because we already know that this is his password for three years and we actively using it,
so shit, why did these guys find it, you know? All things go to your head. You don’t know.
JACK: Jokes aside, the next day there was still no answer from anyone and their minds were racing.
They were almost freaking out. It didn’t help that they thought Trump was a vindictive person.
EDWIN: We were getting more and more anxious because we didn’t know
– we know he’s vengeful so we were a bit scared.
JACK: Victor points out the situation was the result of an unfortunate
coincidence. They hadn’t planned to hack Trump; it just sort of happened.
MATT: The past would have been no different. If, for example, if Mark Zuckerberg will be
on the television at that moment, we should have looked for Zuckerberg. We could have missed this
completely. It was just random – it had to be like that. Also had to be him. I don’t know why.
JACK: As Edwin puts it, if Trump was better with his passwords, they wouldn’t be in this mess.
EDWIN: It’s so stupid because I think he was already hacked on Twitter in 2013. Well,
probably. He had the same password, so he must have changed it then. Why is it now, again in
2016, the same password? Is it coincidence? Did he just do that because he was campaigning and
somebody else needed to go into his Twitter account or is he so, well, lazy that the new
password he had was too difficult so he put it back to his old one? You know, you never know.
The fact of the matter is, that was the password, so yeah, we were in trouble.
JACK: [MUSIC] The next day, impatient from the lack of response from people in the US,
they reached out to the Dutch National Cyber Security Center.
They worked with the NCSC in the past and knew they had contacts with US agencies.
EDWIN: From them, we got a response and they said that they would take it up. From there on,
we had active conversation with them and they sent us e-mails I think every five,
six hours or something. Yeah, we sent it, we’re trying to reach people in the US,
we’re trying to reach our liaisons at Homeland, et cetera, et cetera.
JACK: Finally, about a week after they hacked Trump,
they got a response that they were waiting for.
EDWIN: We finally got a e-mail back from the Dutch government saying it’s been addressed.
We don’t know how but we got word from our US counterparts that it’s addressed, so for
us it’s case closed. Then it was case closed for us as well. That’s the last thing we hear.
JACK: So, Victor sent his responsible disclosure e-mails on October 28th, 2016. It was November
2nd when the US CERT confirmed that they were taking action on this. The election was to be
held on November 9th, less than a week away. On November 6th, the New York Times reported that
Trump’s campaign aids revoked Trump’s Twitter access. [MUSIC] They didn’t say why or how,
only that Trump no longer could use Twitter. My theory was that it was because of this hack.
EDWIN: For us, the big reward was when we saw Obama about a
week later talking about the fact that Trump’s Twitter was taken away from him.
Then we were immediately thinking that it was us. We [00:40:00] don’t know.
JACK: This did actually happen at a rally in Florida. Obama was
campaigning for Hillary on November 6th and saw this news, and had this to say.
OBAMA: Now, you may have heard that – this was just announced. I just read it so I can’t confirm
it’s true but apparently his campaign has taken away his Twitter, and that in the last two days,
they had so little confidence in his self-control they said we’re just gonna take away your Twitter.
Now, if somebody can’t handle a Twitter account, they can’t handle the nuclear codes.
JACK: It sounds like it was from you guys.
EDWIN: Probably, but we don’t know for sure. There are of course a lot of people who don’t
believe this story, you know? For us to see Obama laughing about it on TV and telling him
that if you can’t handle Twitter, you can’t handle nuclear codes, yeah, for us that was a bit of a
appreciation moment.
JACK: They never did hear anything from Trump or the US CERT directly from this event. They
didn’t hear anything from Twitter, either. Victor had some suggestions for Twitter about
this. He tweeted that verified Twitter accounts should have better security.
MATT: We start asking also to Twitter; Twitter, please,
for verified accounts or for US officials that are running an election, those Twitter accounts
need to be protected standard with two-factor authentication, you know, and other things.
JACK: Other things like password reset protection.
Edwin agrees that influential accounts need good security.
EDWIN: People with a blue checkmark behind their box are people that
a lot of people listen to or look up to, [MUSIC] so if their account
got hacked and it’s being used for misinformation or whatever,
it shouldn’t be possible. You must enforce some stricter security on those accounts if you can.
JACK: That’s what it’s all about for the Grumps, securing the internet to block
digital abuse. They’ll never really know if Twitter specifically responded to the
Trump hack or took heed to Victor’s tweets. It’s just been a one-way conversation so far.
VICTOR: It’s always old men shouting at the clouds.
EDWIN: Grumpy old men.
VICTOR: Yeah, grumpy old people shouting at the cloud. Sometimes it work. There’s
one thing you need to understand; if you do respond to disclosures on this kind of level,
it is very common that they will use your signal or they will see your notification
and they will do something about it and they will not mention you.
JACK: Leading up to the 2020 US election, Twitter said in a September blog post that
they were now forcing election-related accounts with weak passwords to switch to stronger ones.
This meant at least ten characters and a mix of letters and symbols. Twitter also made password
reset protection a default setting. This meant that a password reset would require
someone to confirm the account’s e-mail or phone number. They encouraged but didn’t
actually require two-factor authentication leading up to the 2020 presidential election.
VICTOR: I think it’s a good thing that Twitter made their – put their security
levels a little bit higher, protecting the people that are now running for the elections.
It’s a good thing. It sometimes takes a little bit of time for organizations to
adapt or to make it better and more secure for the users, but overall it will happen.
JACK: [MUSIC] Whether you’re the average user or the president of the United States,
you don’t have to wait for Twitter or anyone else to do something more. You
can turn on two-factor authentication and use a strong password now. The Grumps’
hack of Trump started out by accident but the relative ease at which they pulled it
off is amazing and alarming. Someone with worse intentions could have replicated their methods
but fortunately the Grumps got there first. In the end, they helped secure a presidential
candidate’s vulnerable account days before an election. To the Grumps, that was worth it.
EDWIN: People don’t believe that we did it, don’t believe that Trump’s
password was ‘yourefired’. Well, we’ve got the evidence. We’ve got, you know,
we showed it and we were in his Twitter account a couple of days before the election.
VICTOR: I think he knows. If you read the e-mail, it’s very clear. It’s going to be helpful just to
prevent other people to do something bad with it. I think we did the right thing.
JACK: Did they do the right thing, though? Was this really ethical? Trump did not give them
permission so that did cross a line, but then their intentions mattered and their intentions
were to contact the proper authorities to resolve this privately and as quickly as possible. They
clearly stood out in the open and took credit for this. [MUSIC] They didn’t try to hide from
anything or anyone. I guess part of the reason they never got in any trouble was because they
were transparent and reported everything they had done in their disclosure. I’ve
met [00:45:00] Edwin in person in Las Vegas in 2019. All these guys had their real names
and contact information all over the reports they submitted. Because they’ve been in the
US since then, it would have been easy for them to be arrested if they were actually criminals.
But nobody did arrest them which tells me they did do the right thing.
I want to turn around and take one last look at what happened here. LinkedIn was breached
in 2012. The database dump was posted publicly for anyone in 2016. That’s where Trump’s password
was but the first time Trump’s Twitter was hacked was in 2013, a year after the
LinkedIn breach. I just wonder if someone saw his password in that breach and that’s how they
logged into Twitter then. If so, why didn’t he change his password in 2013? But either way,
this is just the story of one person who was hacked due to the LinkedIn database dump.
I know for certain there were other people who were victims too. I mean, there were millions of
people in that database dump and most of their stories probably didn’t have happy endings.
Like, how many people also had PayPal logins with the same e-mail address and password? It’s nice
that The Guild of the Grumpy Old Hackers were willing to help. But Victor here; Victor really
sparks my curiosity because his Twitter bio says he’s done 5,789 responsible disclosures,
or as they’re calling them now, coordinated vulnerability disclosures. Specifically,
disclosure number 5,780 is a doozy, so crazy that it started an international investigation
where Victor was the person of interest. You’ve gotta hear that story but we’re out of time,
so this is where we’ll pick up in the next episode. See you in two weeks.
(OUTRO): [OUTRO MUSIC] A big thank-you to Edwin, Matt, and Victor for sharing your adventures with
us. You can find links to all these people in the show notes or at darknetdiaries.com.
I bring this show to you every two weeks. Do you like it and want to hear more episodes? A great
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to donate. Thank you. This show is made by me, the pie guy, Jack Rhysider. This episode
was produced by the cloud-watcher Charles Bolte. Editing help this episode by Thing 3,
Damienne. Original music and sound design by the cyber-monster Garrett Tiedemann and our theme
music is by the half-full Breakmaster Cylinder. Even though if you put a million monkeys in
front of a million keyboards, one will eventually write a Python program, this is Darknet Diaries.